Essay on Mesoamerican Astronomy - 2289 Words

Introduction For centuries, people from all latitudes have been fascinated by the night sky. The unreachable stars, the Moon, the comets and all the events happening in the sky, fired up imaginations and became symbols of life and death, of war, peace and the passing of time and the seasons. The movement of the stars was used to establish the time for planting and harvesting, to prepare for the long winters and to try to discover the future and destiny, the eternal unknown destiny of the human race. Three large human groups, the Mayans, the Aztecs and the Zapotecs populated the Central and Southeastern regions of Mexico long before the discovery of the continent by Columbus. These ancient cultures developed a very complex knowledge of†¦show more content†¦They produced a very accurate 360 day long calendar they used to measure long periods of time. Developing an extended astronomical knowledge was not very easy because their astronomers did all their observations with the naked eye. Ho wever, they were able to do all kinds of incredibly precise astronomical measurements and calculate the seasons, the solstices and eclipses. They did all this by following the patterns of the movements of planets and stars, observing the shadows cast by the Sun, and using some rudimentary instruments. The practice of astronomy was relegated to the ilhuica tlamatilizmatini, or wise man who studies heaven. These priest-astronomers had a great amount of power, given the fact that they could essentially predict the future. (Welser-Sherrill) II - Planets, Stars, the Moon and the Sun. Venus. The Mayans gave great importance to the planet Venus; they recorded its transit across the sky and used this information to create the Dresden Codex which contains the data for the full circle of this planet. The Mayans counted five repetitions of the cycle of Venus, each one with a length of 584 days, which correspond to approximately 8 years. In the Mayan mythology, Venus is the companion of the sun. The observed that Venus is always close to the sun in the sky, rising before sunrise as morning star or after sunset as evening star. Venus was so important to the Mayans that they decided some of their wars based some positions of Venus andShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The Mayan Civilization1196 Words   |  5 Pagesother significant parts of the world. Mayan civilization lasted for more than 2,000 years, but the period from about 300 A.D. to 900 A.D., known as the Classic Period, was its heyday. During that time, the Maya developed a complex understanding of astronomy. They also figured out how to grow corn, beans, squash and cassava in sometimes-inhospitable places; how to build elaborate cities without modern machinery; how to communicate with one another using one of the world’s first written languages; andRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of The Mayan Civilization1018 Words   |  5 Pagesnorthern Central America and southern Mexico cultures developed complex political and social ranks. Researchers today know this region as Mesoamerica, known for its rich soil, abundant amount of rainfall, and agriculture. (Judge Langdon, 2012) The Mesoamericans, Aztec and Mayan tribes, developed into complex civilizations for multiple reasons. These societies were advanced and complex for their time in areas, such as architecture, agricultur e, militarism, and education. 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By means of examining and analyzing the remains, the massive structures and artifacts left behind by the early people of these civilizations, we have come to know of their rich culture and traditions. One groupRead MoreQuetzalcoatl1982 Words   |  8 PagesQuetzalcoatl is commonly illus trated as a great-feathered serpent in the art and architecture of various tribes and cultures involved in the worship of the deity. As far as symbolism is concerned, the image of Quetzalcoatl bears comparison to the classic Mesoamerican mythical creature known as the Celestial Dragon, which symbolizes the heritage and culture of both American Indian and Chicano, especially during the 1970s. The ancient feathered deity is characterized by the hybrid attributes of a bird and a reptile;

The Current Trends And Major Industries That Are Utilizing...

Introduction GIS is an abbreviation for Geographic Information Systems. GIS is a perfect blend of geography and technology. People can accumulate various forms of location data (both tangible and intangible) and produce living, breathing maps. By utilizing the power of Geographic Information Systems, users can create powerful applications. These applications can range in size from being small (surveying a single farm) to large (displaying real time voting across the country in a presidential election). The paper will begin with a literature review on the sources used for research including conference papers, lectures, and trade magazines. Immediately following the literature review, there will be the discussion which entails a thorough explanation of the fundamental concepts that contribute to the foundation of Geographic Information Systems. After the explanation of concepts, there will be high level summary of Roger Tomlinson’s GIS implementation plan for companies. This paper will then discuss the current trends and major industries that are utilizing GIS. In the end, there will be a conclusion that will include a future analysis on GIS. Literature Review Discussion Geographic Information Systems is a basic input/output mechanism. The user collects geo location data such streets, buildings, or rivers and non-geo information including populations, compensations, or other meta data. After careful research, the user can compile the data and enter it into the system. WithShow MoreRelatedGis : An Abbreviation For Geographic Information Systems Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction GIS is an abbreviation for Geographic Information Systems. GIS is a perfect blend of geography and technology. People can accumulate various forms of location data (both tangible and intangible) and produce living, breathing maps. By utilizing the power of Geographic Information Systems, users can create powerful applications. 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Changes in Accounting Standard-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Identifying the Changes Made During May 2017 to August 2017, In the Accounting Standard. 2.Prepare the statement of financial position of Winter Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2017 in accordance with AASB 101, using the line items that a listed company is likely to use. Answers: Australian era End (29-07-17) AASB has mainly suspended the AAS 25, where companies were able to use superannuation plans in the financial reporting. This closure is mainly conducted from the next financial year, where companies were not allowed to use the AAS 25 in their financial report. Strategy of AASB (28-07-16) AASB has mainly proposed the overall strategy for the business from 2017 to 2021, where individuals are allowed to comment on the standard of the strategy. From this AASB will mainly be able to identify the relevant impact of the strategy on the overall performance of the organisation. Declaration of tax liability by more organisations (04-07-2017) Relevant amendments is been conducted by AASB, where tax authority will have full knowledge of the overall facts about the tax position of an organisation. Furthermore, it is also stated that the estimated tax liability amount does not have to be included in the balance sheet statement that is prepared by the company. Portraying transparency in the annual report (20-07-2017) AASB has mainly mandated that all the public section companies needs to disclose all the relevant liabilities and assets in the financial report. This could mainly help in generating the relevant reliability and accountability of the organisation in the eyes of investors. tax transparency by AASB (16-05-17) AASB mainly provided relevant information on the overall tax position of an organisation for international investors, which coil directly help in understanding the overall tax potions of the company. Global disclosure practise is mainly used by ASIC regarding non-GAAP, where relevant disclosure is been provided from ETR depending on the corporate tax of an organisation. AASB directly provides relevant disclosure regarding the guidance of ETR, which could be understood by the international investors. Impact on the Insurance Contracts (18-05-2017) AASB in accordance with the IFRS 17 has mainly mandated that the global insures will not be allowed to use historical cost in their financial report. This has mainly forced the organisation to recognise losses before hand, which could help in strengthening the impact of the financial report. ED 280- Property, plant and equipment (18-05-2017) There are relevant amendments that is conducted on the AASB 116, where proposal is been made for the plant, property and equipment. The proposal directly stated that the proceeds from selling the produce of plant, property and equipment is mainly capable of including in the operating section. For example, the testing face of the machine and the profit provided could be included in the profit and loss account, where it needed not be subtracted from the asset cost. 2.Financial statement presentation (Balance Sheet) In the books of Winter Limited for the year ended 30th June 2017 Particulars Amount (in $) Amount (in $) Assets: Non-current assets: Goodwill $ 68,300 Plant and equipment $ 652,200 Less: Accumulated depreciation $ 104,300 $ 547,900 Land $ 1,100,000 Current assets: Accounts receivable $ 123,900 Less: Allowance for doubtful debts $ 14,600 $ 109,300 Cash at bank $ 18,200 Cash management account $ 150,000 $ 168,200 Inventories $ 212,400 Raw materials $ 100,500 $ 312,900 Prepaid rent $ 13,600 Loan receivable $ 60,000 Interest receivable $ 6,700 Non-current investments: Investment property $ 614,000 Total $ 3,000,900 Equity and liabilities: Shareholders' funds: General reserve $ 276,800 Retained earnings $ 873,300 Share capital $ 500,000 Non-current liabilities: Debentures $ 600,000 Provision for warranty $ 17,000 Less: Repayable in a year $ 5,000 $ 12,000 Provision for long service leave $ 27,000 Less: Repayable in a year $ 8,000 $ 19,000 Provision for annual leave $ 36,000 Less: Repayable in a year $ 19,000 $ 17,000 Bank loan $ 500,000 Current liabilities and provisions: Interest payable $ 8,300 Accrued wages payable $ 8,200 Dividends payable $ 45,000 Current tax liability $ 33,500 Accounts payable $ 75,800 Add: Provisions repayable $ 32,000 $ 107,800 Total $ 3,000,900 References News. (2017).Aasb.gov.au. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/News.aspx Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., Francis, J. (2013).Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning.

Iroquois Indians and Lacrosse free essay sample

The stick can be used to catch, carry, and pass the ball. This game was introduced in 1750 by the Mohawk tribe. Iroquois loved to play lacrosse because it was a source of entertainment, physical conditioning, and it was also a religious celebration as a way to honor the Creator. One of the highly celebrated traditions goes back to the Iroquois Confederacy where young warriors staged a lacrosse game for one of the league founders, Hayewat-ha, to console him for the loss of his children. Not only is lacrosse played to please the Creator but also is a rite that is sacred to the Thunders, the seven honored grandfathers who move across the sky from west to east cleansing the earth with wind and rains. Often times, lacrosse is prescribed as a ritual healing, usually recommended through a dream or fortune teller. When the Iroquois would play lacrosse, there would be approximately 100 to 150+ men on a field of a few miles long. We will write a custom essay sample on Iroquois Indians and Lacrosse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The teams would play until one team scored 2 of 3 or 3 of 5 goals. This often took days to complete just one game! Sometimes these lacrosse matches would have awards or something at stake for the win. This is a game that requires lots of energy and skill. This may or may not have helped the Indians in preparation to war or any type of threat by applying their lacrosse game tactics in skill and energy. These days, lacrosse is still very much alive all over the world and the Iroquois still have a traveling team called â€Å"The Iroquois Nationals. † This team was founded in 1983. The Haudenosaunee is the tribe that still remains in upstate New York and Quebec and also provides the teams passports. This caused a major issue in 2010. The Nationals were blocked from traveling to a tournament in England because of a passport dispute. The 23 team members refused to use U. S. or Canadian passports because it would be as if they were denying their ancestry and citizenship. The United Kingdom wouldn’t recognize the passports that were issued out by the Haudenosaunee. Secretary of state, Hilary Clinton even intervened and got the team a onetime waiver but the British government still refused to grant the Nationals access. Due to missed matches and no budging in the passport issue, the team had to forfeit the tournament. The players are still trying to gain recognition for their passports so they can attend future international games without problems. The stick making process is one that takes quite some time and patience. Alf E. Jacques makes sticks for the Nationals and he says it takes his four years to makes at least six D-sticks for the teams. He would sit at a cooper’s bench and use a draw-shave to shape the six foot defensive sticks for the competition to come. The team usually saves these sticks for when they play the Americans, since they are continuous reigning champs at lacrosse tournaments. Although lacrosse is a sport enjoyed and played worldwide, its roots lie with the Iroquois Indians and with the intention to praise, honor, and celebrate their creator. With that type of meaning, this makes the game much more passionate and spiritual for the Iroquois, and with that passion will hopefully bring a championship victory for the Iroquois Nationals in the coming future!

Five Tips for Creating a Phenomenal Newsletter

Five Tips for Creating a Phenomenal Newsletter to read and share but also urges them to act in a manner that generates sales. This goes beyond the basic, and frankly overused, taglines such as â€Å"I have a gift for you,† or â€Å"Buy my book for a free gift.† This type of marketing push is vague and lacks the creativity you possess as a writer, so here are five stress-free ways to give your newsletter that coveted edge. 1 Use the subject line to offer a specific value. Since newsletters 2 Lead with your most important information. Pre-sales, book signings, product launches- put whatever is most important to you at the top. Think like a newspaper writer. Lead with the headline. Everything above the fold of the newspaper (or in this case the vertical scroll of your device’s screen) equals the information the audience is most likely to see and digest. 3 Design graphics that tell the tale at a glance. People are busy and don’t always have time to read thoroughly. Use graphics to convey your message quickly. Ensure the content is shareable and eye-catching. Consider creating infographics that outline the flow of your series or the love quadrangles in your book. Reuse them on your website and social media to reinforce your brand. 4 Give the audience a call to action. open the email, give them something to do. This is where you can say, â€Å"buy my book† or â€Å"go to my website.† Or maybe, the call to action isn’t about your product. Maybe you just want to do something fun with your audience like have them join you for a Facebook live or encourage them to live tweet the latest episode of The Bachelor. Give every newsletter a call to action to keep your audience engaged and to build their trust in your brand. 5 Integrate your e-newsletter with your social media. can arrive at your Instagram with a single click. Take advantage of this if you’re not already doing so. Then each time you get a new follower on social media, send them a link to your website with a thank you note and an opportunity to get something free if they share your content with others. something of value in exchange for their email . . . and their loyalty. Experiment with what works, but always strive to find new ways to make your newsletter more effective.

Abortion Essays (431 words) - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Abortion Essays (431 words) - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays Abortion It is an undoubted fact of biological science that from the moment of conception, a new human life has been created. Only those who are irrational or ignorant of science doubt that when a human sperm fertilizes a human ovum, a new human being is created. That is why I disagree with aborting infants. If abortion is the taking of a human life and yet people feel that it should be just a personal matter between a woman and a doctor there seems to be two choices open to them. First, that they would believe that other acts of destruction to human beings should be of no concern of society and therefore, eliminate them from the criminal code. Secondly, because a person is not close to the deceased, they shouldnt be concerned with their death. I agree that the fetus has not developed full potential as a human being, but, neither have any of us. Nor will any of us ever reach that level of perfection. Because some of us may be less far along the path than others, does not give them the right to kill us. Those in favor of abortion assume that they have that right. To say that a ten week fetus has a less value that a baby, means also that one must consider a baby of less value then a child, a young adult of less value than an old man. This idea is completely absurd. Some try to excuse the murder of a person because the mother might have been forced upon pregnancy due to either the tragedy of rape or incest. I am not condemning the crime that the female had to undergo, but I will also not condemn abortion. No sane reasoning can place the slightest blame on the unborn child it might produce. Murder is never justified, even to relieve a great pain, and even if there was a prior injustice, such as the child being forced on the woman against her will. Should we compound the psychic scar already inflicted on the matter by her having the guilt of destroying a living being which was at least half her own? While it is easy to feel that abortion is being performed for the sake of the fetus, in reality abortions are performed for adults. There is no way to indicate that an infant with a birth defect would rather not be born since he cannot be consulted. If we kill infants with confidential defects before they are born, why not after birth, why not any human, we declare defective?

Terrorism in America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Terrorism in America - Assignment Example   In Article 14, Jonathan Masters elucidates how militant extremism has posed the menace to the innocent Americans. The left-wing, right-wing, single issue groups, and homegrown Islamic are the four bands in which the FBI has branded domestic terrorism into. There is one more group known as lone offenders that can come under all the categories of domestic terrorism. Lone offenders are basically individuals who are not allied with any terrorist organization. America has the greatest danger from lone offenders as it is very difficult to identify and locate such individuals for the intelligence agencies but to our advantage, the lack of association of lone offenders from big gangs of terrorists makes their actions less effective (Masters, 2011). The four broad categories of domestic terrorism have been fashioned, based on their motives to spread terror in the country. The left-wing groups consider themselves as ‘protectors’ of the people against any kind of inhuman effects of capitalism and colonialism in the country whereas the single-issue groups fight against the laws and regulations that have a negative impact on the environment and are against the law of nature. Their attacks are based on the various political issues like abortion, environmental degradation, animal abuse or genetic engineering. According to the FBI, terrorists belonging to this group have executed thousands of attacks and posed a serious threat to the lives of many people. Much of sabotage has been spread by this group, and the FBI has failed to track down the culprits due to rigid secrecy in the group. Right wing terrorists emerged recently in the late 1980s and 1990s. They have diverse drives for their bouts like racial sovereignty, hatr ed and mistrust of the federal government and fundamentalist Christianity (Masters, 2011).   Furthermore, in the article Jonathan Masters argues whether America should amend its laws regarding the austere

The difficulties of raising many children in these days Research Paper

The difficulties of raising many children in these days - Research Paper Example The case of Nadya Suleman will be used as an example for better explanation of the context. The relationship of doctor and patient should be dealt with special care as a minor mistake may cause a great loss. However, there are certain cases, as of Nadya Suleman, where patients do not think of the long-term effects of their decisions. Before taking a final decision, it is important to think of its forthcoming consequences. Doctors may not compel the patient on anything. Yes, but there always exists a way to advice and explain them things which may be harmful for the patients themselves or for the people associated with them. As far as the transfer of embryos is concerned, doctors are not liable to take decisions about keeping them or not. It is in the hands of the patient to take such personal decisions. On the other hand, the patients should be well-informed about the harmful consequences of keeping and giving birth to them as the patient’s decision, in this case, does not only have an effect on her life but also involves the life of the coming children. In Vitro guidelines state that women under the age of 35 should not transfer more than 2 embryos at a time. This guideline of course carries some importance and should be considered. However, there is no such law imposed in the United States about restricting the number of embryos transferred to a woman’s body. The embryo research conducted by American Academy of Pediatrics state that the number of embryos to be transferred to a woman’s body has been a controversial issue. Despite of the harmful effects of transferring more than 2 embryos at a time, it will be morally problematic to conduct any activity which would result in the destruction of embryos. This is one of the major reasons that America has not imposed any such law so far. Some countries, however, have imposed restrictions on the number of embryos for the betterment of the mother, children, family and consequently the whole society

Assisted Suicide Essay Example for Free

Assisted Suicide Essay Often labeled compassionate, according to the columnist for the Wall Street Journal, Joni Eareckson Tada, legalized assisted suicide or euthanasia is really a deadly double standard for those with severe disabilities, both conditions that are labeled terminal and those that are not. She seems to be of the opinion that euthanasia should never be considered an option no matter how severe or subjective suffering the person is facing. In the article, Tada claims that legalization of euthanasia, â€Å"sends a clear message that a person with a disability may not have a life worth living† (1). She touches on euthanasia in The Nethlands and Belguium . She stands for a powerful example of a person with this depilating condition, in this case quadriplegia, can accomplish in spite of her condition. However this is somewhat of a bias perspective because it implies that she has put a measure on the subjective pain this condition and similar to it entails. There should be certain conditions set in order to qualify for euthanasia so that it is an option for people who want it but we can also make a system to prevent people from misusing it. We were granted free will which includes the right to end our life when we chose. There does not need to be this all or nothing attitude towards assisted suicide and the disabled. Tada argues, â€Å"this ruling sends a clear message that a person with disability may not have a life worth living†(1). This law would bring nothing but a choice for the terminally ill. There are some disabilities that are incurable and cause tremendous suffering. They should not all fall under one umbrella. Andrew Btiva wrote in his article, Disability and physician-assisted suicide, â€Å"We do not believe that the right to assisted suicide is premised on a diminished quality of life for people with disabilities. It is based on respect for the autonomy of terminally ill individuals during their final days. It does not deny people with disabilities suicide prevention services, protection against murder, or protection from other abuses†(1). Tada is very bias in this article claiming that it would take away the disability will to live and go against their advocacy to have hope and live. When a person comes disabled and loses control in many ways, this in fact just gives them something that they can control. There are defiantly some factors that should qualify for a person requesting assisted suicide. They should be terminally ill with no hope of recovery and  in great physical pain. If it were legalized the disabled population would be majority of the prospect’s. I don’t believe that all disabled should qualify automatically as Tada argues in her article claiming that if legalized all disabled including children and obese would qualify for assisted suicide as an option. Tada states, â€Å"Society’s moral and unwritten law has always led us to save our children-and certainly not allow them to destroy themselves†(2). I do agree that children should ever be considered for assisted suicide unless they are in dire suffering with no hope of recovery. Tada argues, â€Å" a child lacks the mental, emotional and psychological maturity to make such a decision about death†(2). I completely agree with this but if you had your child suffering and in a vegetative state with no chance of recovery wouldn’t you want to put them out of their misery? We don’t let animals suffer so why let humans? My aunt had a very full life at 52 she found out that she had pancriaic cancer and after she went to the doctor twice she was informed that she had nothing more than IBS. I had advised her that she should get further checked out. And in June of 2010 she went to the doctor with horrible pain in her stomach and after many tests she was informed that she was diagnosed with stage 4 pancreatic cancer. At that point she was also told that she would not be able to get the surgery to remove it because it was at the lower end of the pancreas where it would be more difficult and could pass from the operation. She was told she could do Chemotherapy. After doing 6 month of intensive pain ridden sessions she realized that she didn’t want to do that any more. Even tho she did not want to end her life she did request that when she was no longer responsive in the hospital that she have the ability to be taken home for the rest of her time. It was only then that the doctors were very opposed to us taking her from the hospital. Not caring that it was her request that she not suffer the were not willing to let us take her home. Before her death she wanted to die at home with dignity. She didn’t want to be in the hospital. She truly believed that it would have been harder on the family to take care of her and she her like that she wanted to stay beautiful and not have her loved ones remember her as a â€Å"vegitable† laying in a hospital bed. This can be a really slippery slope. Who decides for the children or senile women? I truly The person requesting needs to  mentally stable and there needs to be safeguards against any family or doctors so as not to persuade the person in to euthanasia  projects in her article Let’s make a distinchin are qualifier. Terminal and suffering ,incurable, if theres a huge financial burden. Depression and mental

Frankenstein - Societal Changes in Film Essay -- Essays Papers

A Look at the Story of Frankenstein and the Societal Changes in Film Frankenstein’s monster, a misunderstood creation fabricated by Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley’s classic story, has been terrorizing readers and audiences alike for well over one hundred and fifty years. Since the story was first written in 1818, there have been numerous plays, and over one hundred films, each adaptation trying to portray its own vision of the original story. Mary Shelley came to create â€Å"the prototype of a new literary genre – science fiction† (Hardwood 14) while James Whale crafted his beautiful film creation, Frankenstein, to portray conservative values and civil rights while still telling the classic story. Other versions of Frankenstein and modern films such as Blade Runner and The Terminator use the â€Å"Frankenstein myth† to show how technology must be contained. Yet the most popular and admired of these variations incorporate changes to the original story that connect not only with the audience’s fear s, but societal fears including the Great Depression and evolving technology. Mary Shelley and Her Monster While an entire book can be written on Ms. Shelley and her life, I am choosing to focus solely on her social and family contacts and issues surrounding her life that pertain to the writing of Frankenstein. These issues include her parents and lovers, the social crowd in which she entertained with, the contest and dream that lead to the story’s creation, the science that prompted the story to involve an unnatural creation of life, and some theories touching on the social and political agenda of the story. Mary Shelley was born to William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, both influential writers and intellectuals of the... ...e still is only a mother and really serves no other purpose. Both these movies came out in the early 1980’s, a time in which computers and technology was first being researched and discovered. These directors tapped into the their audience’s fear of machines like Mary Shelley tapped into her audiences fear of creating life. Concluding Thoughts Mary Shelley came up with an idea for a story while having a nightmare in the middle of the night. That nightmare was then transferred onto paper and then to the silver screen, each new adaptation changing the original story to get the most fear or response from the audience. I feel that we have not seen the last of Frankenstein or the themes he carried with him for the last 187 years, and as Martin Tropp states, â€Å"Something about the story is never exhausted, always current, always able to attract a new generation† (2).

Confessions of a Female Chauvinist Sow Essay

Anne Roiphe’s â€Å"Confessions of a Female Chauvinist Sow† first appeared in the magazine New York in 1972. In this essay Roiphe aims to convince her readers that women must put faith in the idea that they are equal to men, not superior. â€Å"Women who want equality must be prepared to give it and believe in it . . . .† Personal anecdotes, contrast, and comparison are techniques Roiphe skillfully uses to create a strong, convincing essay. Roiphe begins her essay with a personal anecdote describing the â€Å"horrifying† realization that she married a man exactly like her father. This technique immediately establishes the essay as informal and personal. It is a great way to capture the reader’s interest. Also, this particular anecdote is used as background information for the first point Roiphe makes in the following paragraph—that â€Å". . . people . . . have at one time or another been fouled up by their childhood experiences. † Another anecdote in the essay explains how Roiphe’s mother used to give Roiphe â€Å"mad money† before going on dates. â€Å"My mother and I knew young men were apt to drink too much . . . † and â€Å"mad money was for getting home on your own, no matter what form of insanity your date happened to evidence. † Anecdotes such as this are entertaining and tend to lighten the mood of the essay. Also, it is quite easy for readers to relate to personal experience. Another function of anecdotes in this essay is to substantiate and support main ideas. At the end of one paragraph Roiphe states, â€Å"The hidden anti-male feelings, a result of the old system, will foul us up if they are allowed to persist. † This is directly followed by the anecdote explaining the necessity for â€Å"mad money†Ã¢â‚¬â€that men are untrustworthy, inconsiderate beasts. The anecdote clearly provides evidence and support for the fact that women have anti-male feelings. Shortly after capturing the reader’s interest with the introductory anecdote, Roiphe begins using contrast. The numerous examples of contrast throughout the essay portray men and women as being drastically different, especially morally. Boys are thought to be incapable of engaging in â€Å". . . easy companionship . . . † as girls are able to do, and men are generally believed to be â€Å". . . less moral . . . † than women. â€Å"Everyone assumes a mother will not let her child starve, yet it is necessary to legislate that a father must not do so. † Roiphe uses contrast to illustrate the common anti-male attitudes women have, and in doing so, makes it obvious that women feel superior to men. This exactly, Roiphe points out, is the barrier to equality between men and women. It is clear to the reader that equality between the sexes will never exist as long as women continue to feel superior to men. The contrasts also function to support points Roiphe makes later concerning the similarities between men and women. About midway through the essay, Roiphe makes a transition from contrast to comparison. She begins focusing on the idea that women are actually quite similar to men. She bluntly states, â€Å"Intellectually I know that’s ridiculous . . . † to assume â€Å". . . that women given power would not create wars. † She admits, â€Å"Aggression is not . . . a male-sex-linked characteristic . . . .† Comparisons such as these smoothly lead Roiphe into making one of her strongest comparisons—that â€Å". . . us laughing at them, us feeling superior to them, us ridiculing them behind their backs . . . † is â€Å". . . inescapably female chauvinist sowness. † These comparisons, particularly the last one, are shocking and cause the reader to reflect on previous ideas in the essay. Roiphe’s statement, â€Å". . . what they have done to us, and of course they have, and they did and they are . . . ,† momentarily makes readers believe that men are mainly to blame for the inequality between the sexes. However, through effective comparison Roiphe leads her readers to logically infer that women must also be responsible for the inequality between men and women. It then becomes clear to the reader that the â€Å". . . secret sense of superiority . . . † women feel is what makes them equally as chauvinistic as men. More important than the functions of the techniques she uses independently is how Roiphe uses them together. For example, had she bluntly stated early in her essay that women are â€Å"female chauvinist sows,† without preceding it with contrast, a quite different effect would have been created. Her readers, particularly the women, would have undoubtedly been offended. This approach would certainly have prevented the essay from being convincing. It is obvious that Roiphe purposely used the techniques in a planned way. This allowed her to create a specifically designed essay that was beneficial in helping her present her ideas.

“12 Years a Slave” and “Django Unchained” Essay

For my essay I will compare and contrast the themes between 12 Years a Slave and Django Unchained, two movies that differ immensely when it comes to the direction and delivery of their respective plots; while still holding some key similarities such as their motifs and themes throughout both films. It’s those similarities however is also where we can dissect the corresponding differences such as how â€Å"heroes† and â€Å"villains† are portrayed entirely different from one another. And by using key examples I also aim to show how 12 Years a Slave and Django Unchained are prime examples of how one movie can break the usual feel-good clichà © plot that all American cinema seems to portray; while the other follows a more traditional route that we are all more use too. Throughout the entirety of both films we see multiple signature motifs and themes that we all can associate with when it comes to colonial America during that time period. Most notably should perhaps be the distinct lack of â€Å"personal morality†; or the implication that people of non-European decent are a form of lesser human. Especially within modern day cinema we seem to exploit these themes and the characters themselves in way that allow most directors creative leeway; however numerous people such as Quentin Tarantino will take those liberties into creating visuals on slavery that were overtly fictional, and only play a role in immediate plot development. Throughout the entirety of Django Unchained we see a constant struggle for Django to regain his honor through the classic American medium of revenge. Because without the constant thought of vengeance, Django would be nothing more than a common villain; someone who uses force to gain what he desires. However even if he weren’t to use force, in Quentins Tarantino’s vision even those who don’t fight are considered cowards. And it is with that character development and overtly fictional plot that makes Django Unchained the American clichà © that it is. While these films take different approaches in storytelling, any critic must start with acknowledgment for the creators taking the period and creating interpretations that provoke thought. Particularity when it came to the  movie 12 Years a Slave, a movie that broke any prenotion of how a truly exceptional American film is made. In it Steve McQueen, the director masterfully creates a tragic story of one mans’ journey through his own personal Hell and how we would later seek deliverance; but that is where 12 Years a Slave truly breaks off from any resemblance to Django Unchained. For when Solomon, the main character seeks his own form of redeeming himself; the usual route of Hollywood is to create a response/event so that the audience entertained rather than the character developing further. Such is the case with Django Unchained, a story where Django is constantly called to respond and act in a masculine way. Whereas in 12 Years a Slave, the only way Solomon could ever come to move forward was not through his own actions, but rather after his lack of action and through the broken form of his body and spirit. Overall, both movies were an acclaimed success at the box offices and each earned multiple awards. However the clear distinction between the two should be obvious; especially when taking into consideration the amount of fictional leeway certain directors and genre’s are allowed. And although the contrasts’ stand out more than the comparatives; I still find them to be a true testament of how quality American cinema is made. Either that be in the way Django Unchained masterfully fell into the true American genre; or how 12 Years a Slave beautifully brought forth a story told before, but in a new and abrupt way. Works Cited Livingston, Jay. â€Å"The Revenge Fantasy: Django Unchained vs 12 Years a Slave.† The Society Pages. Society Pages, 14 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2014. . Moore, Antonio. â€Å"Slavery Displayed on Screen: A Discussion with the Creators of Roots about 12 Years a Slave & Django Unchained.† Huffington Post. Huffington Post, 23 Oct. 2013. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. . – – -. â€Å"Slavery on Screen: Creators of Roots Discuss 12 Years & Django.† Atlanta Blackstar. Atlanta Blackstar, 27 Oct. 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.

Reached Back Like A Pimp

Reached Back Like A Pimp Free Online Research Papers When four teenagers drive to the movies on a Friday night with the music blaring and â€Å"Boyz N the Hood† comes onto the radio, it does not matter whether the young adults in the car are black, white, male or female, when it arrives at the line â€Å"reached back like a pimp slapped the ho† everyone joins in. Why? Because it is catchy, popular, and as ridiculous as the world has become, the song is cool. No one notices that the singer has become abusive because his girlfriend has said something to annoy him. No one realizes at the time that the singer is intoxicated, because it does not matter. The song is fun, the lyrics well known. Countless young Americans memorize the lyrics to this song and many others because of the constant exposure through popular media, wit the average listening to two hours a day (Martino 430). For some, it is simply music, aural enjoyment while involved in other activities. Others wish to emulate the actions they hear about. Dr. Steven Martino, one of Yale’s most acclaimed professors of psychiatry, contends that speeding up sexual behavior is a result of exposure to exploitive and suggestive lyrics. He also explains that leaving questionable musical content unchallenged allows the idea of sex to become distorted (RAND). Regardless, when music becomes incredibly popular, the concepts within the music also become popular. Current popular music idealizes the exploitation of women by demoralizing them, provides justification and acceptance of dysfunctional relationships, and motivates young listeners to partake in dangerous relations and/or situations. As a disclaimer, not just current music conveys the message of misogyny. The Rolling Stones have been preaching the message since their earliest songs. In a 1965 song â€Å"She Said Yeah† Mick Jagger sang â€Å"Come on baby I want to make love to you† and â€Å"Try a little bit to make my mouth dribble†. Both of these quotes made the message clear of what the song and its singer wanted from women. This issue is not a new one. Society long ago set this standard; Radocy and Boyle, two well-known music psychologists, acknowledge: †¦social influence affects all music preference. Musical preferences are more than an interaction of inherent musical characteristics and individual psychological and social variables. Societal pressures influence preferences. A person making a musical choice considers opinions of other who are significant in his or her life, as well as cultural messages in and about the music (qtd. in Droe 27). Society sets the standard for these types of popular culture. Dr. Janice Killian, a distinguished music professor and researcher from Texas Tech, also examines this tangent when she explains the relation between imitation and perception: The specific characteristics of a model appear to affect an observer’s tendency to imitate that model. Observers who believe they are similar to the model are more likely to model that behavior (Bandura Walters, 1963); indeed, observer perception of any subject/model similarity can lead the subject to adopt other characteristics of that model (Burnstein, Stotland, Zander, 1961; Stotland, Zander, Natsoulas, 1961). Race and sex are two salient model characteristics that affect observer tendency toward imitation. Imitation of same-sex and same-race models has been noted across such diverse behaviors as infants’ responses to strangers (Feiring, Lewis Starr, 1984) (116). This would explain why certain races and/or genders are disproportionately affected by this degrading popular culture. Nonetheless, it is still relevant and is bringing about several negative impacts that are being largely ignored by all races. In much of the popular music, women and their appeal are a common theme. Despite their presence, the ideal that the music expresses portrays them in a less than favorable light. Buckcherry’s â€Å"Crazy Bitch† uses offensive lyrics; women are described as only able to ahead by taking off their clothes and keeping their mouths shut. Such behavior was typical before the feminist movement but in modern times can be considered highly offensive. However, the song was ranked number three on U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks. Songs of this subject matter demoralize women and uphold the patriarch by placing them as lower than men. It is exploitive for women to be viewed as sex objects, created solely for the purpose of male pleasure. As offensive as the lyrics may be, the video certainly drives the message home. Located in a Los Angeles club that has been made to look like a strip club, women are scantily clad, dancing, and expressing bisexual tendencies. The popularity of such music and the common person’s favorable reaction to seeing these types of videos encourages women to act this way and men to ask them to do so. Musicians do not just express their lower opinions of women in music and videos. For some, it is a way of life. When popular rap artist Snoop Dogg attended the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs), clothing and jewelry were not his only accessories. In each hand he held a leash, and attached to the collars were two young women. Collars and leashes are meant as restraining devices for pets or a way for an owner to control property, one can only assume that Snoop Dogg intended for these two young women accompanying him to be viewed the same way. The VMAs are broadcasted nationally with an enormous audience. Women are exploited by popular music through way of lyrics, videos and the general lifestyle of musicians. As preciously discussed, in the song â€Å"Boyz N the Hood† lyrics include a man hitting his girlfriend and then throwing her across the room. The provocation of this was something she had said, making it easy to believe that this was not the first occurrence of abuse. Other popular artists have also discussed physical abuse between women and men. Eminem, a popular rap artist, discussed leaving handprints on a woman in one of his songs. Abuse in relationships is not healthy for anyone involved. However, would a person realize that from popular music? No. Very simply speaking, when a musician speaks of beating their significant other and one never hears about there being negative consequences, its sending a message of approval for that sort of action. Steven Martino offers his valuable experience about teen imitation: This theory would predict that listening to musicians sing about having sex with no unfavorable consequences would lead teens to perceive this behavior as appropriate and desirable, thereby increasing the likelihood that they will imitate the behavior. The likelihood of imitation increases when the model is perceived as attractive or similar to the self. Highly popular music artists can, therefore, serve as especially potent role models for teens (431). Not only does it make it appear to be okay for males to abuse females, but it also makes females feel like its okay for them to be abused. Popular music is now guilty of â€Å"triggering assaults, rapes and homicides all over the place and detonating a national barrage of criticism and controversy† (Bennett 1). If it is what is popular and okay in music, listeners will be lead to believe that it is okay in their own lives. The RAND Corporation found explicit lyrics often advance sexual conduct. It is common for those who are less wealthy and less famous to want to be like the famous celebrities. If people cannot have the property and publicity of the stars then it is not unusual to think that they might attempt to act like them. Bennett explains how the blurring of reality and fantasy is an inevitable product of this exposure (2). The dysfunctional relationships of celebrities are recreated in the dysfunctional relationships of their fans. Dysfunctional relationships are unknowingly encouraged by society today, and even humored. Millions of Americans are exposed to the ideas of countless affairs, and annulled marriages in a matter of hours. This same audience gazes on while the common person is abused; abuse can be physical, verbal, or mental. A Harris Poll from earlier this summer gives staggering numbers that have left many stunned. Over 33 million or 15 percent of U.S. adults (which would be anyone over the age of eighteen) admit that they were a victim of domestic violence; even more shocking is the six in ten that admit they know someone who has also personally experienced domestic violence. These statistics prove the seriousness of today’s issue of domestic violence, and only a realization of these problems will allow society finally to make a change for the better. It is important to remember that the definition of dysfunctional relationships is not limited to physical abuse. Celebrities are infamous for their short relationships, their even shorter marriages, and their promiscuity. Pop princess, Britney Spears is infamous for hers fleeting loves: her first marriage to childhood sweetheart lasted just 55 hours. K-Fed and Spears have two young children who will now be subjected to the uncomfortable heat of the spotlight. These actions also have an effect on the mass public. Once more, when someone wishes to be the celebrity, he or she has no problem simulating his or her actions. The influence of music does not just degrade women or legitimize dysfunctional relationships. The ideas and morals conveyed through popular music leads to physically dangerous consequences as well. Sex and violence are the subject of the majority of popular songs. Casual sex is looked upon with much enjoyment and violence seen as a necessary means to an end. When these activities are practiced in real life, the consequences last much longer than the three minutes a song lasts. Martino’s theory also predicts that a lessening of the exposure to this content could prevent an early onset of sexual misconduct (431). In a Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention study, over five hundred females from the same background were studied over a six-month period. Recording the viewing lengths of rap videos, the participants were surveyed to discover if there was a difference between those with more exposure, and those with less (#). The RAND Corporation has found a direct correlation between music containing questionable content with earlier sexual progression. Females with more exposure were less likely to have their partners wear condoms and were more likely to have gained a new STD. â€Å"Talking with their children about musics sexual content can also give parents a chance to express their own views about sex, and may prompt teens to think more deeply about the ways in which sex is portrayed – and perhaps distorted – in the music they listen to,† Dr. Martino conveyed. Other negative impacts include dangerous behaviors such as the glorification of drugs, an increase in violence and arrests, and a higher rate of pregnancy (Wingood 437). The negative effects are not just dealing with psychological matters. Young adults have pliable minds, and as Martino describes they invent solutions to their problems from societal pressure: Some have argued that, because popular music is such a large part of adolescents’ everyday experience, youth cannot be understood without a serious consideration of how music fits into their lives. From music, adolescents gain information about society, social and gender roles, and expected behavior, and they use music to facilitate friendships and social interactions and to help them create a personal identity. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that the messages conveyed in popular music have significant implications or adolescent socialization and behavior. (431) The ties between music and health risks cannot be easily ignored because of the great effect they have on their listeners. Martino agrees with the assumption that repeated exposure to such gender roles makes them internalized. When four young people are driving to the movies on Friday night, there is no way to prevent them from singing along with the lyrics of the songs on the radio. Perhaps, a better route is to let musicians know that the message they are sending is not appropriate for anyone, of any age. The lyrics they sing should represent a culture that harms no one. Dr. Bell says we should stop creating the negativity that surrounds our children and ourselves. We have to stop glorifying and praising based on music that enslaves and mystifies and destroys. The consequences of common lyrics cannot be compared to that extra thousand records sold. One’s choice in music should not lead to them being exploited, abused, or diseased. Music is meant for enjoyment, and just enjoyment. Bennett, Lerone Jr.. Sex Music Has It Gone Too Far: Backlash over Lyrics, Violence and Threat to Young Women grows.† Ebony Oct 2002: Droe, Kevin. Music Preference and Music Education: A Review of Literature.† UPDATE: Applications of Research in Music Education 24.2(2006): 23-32. Harris Interactive. â€Å"Over Thirty Million Adults Claim to be Victims of Domestic Violence.† 06/16/06. . Killian, Janice N.. Effect of Model Characteristics on Musical Preference of Junior High Students.† Journal of Research in Music Education 38.2 (1990): 115-123. Martino, Steven C., et al. Exposure to Degrading Versus Nondegrading Music Lyrics and Sexual Behavior Among Youth.† Pediatrics. 118.2 (2006): e430-e441. Martino, Steven C., Personal Interview. 20 Nov. 2006. Radocy, Rudolf E., and J. David Boyle. Psychological foundations of musical behavior. 3rd ed. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd, 1979. RAND Corporation. â€Å"RAND Study Finds Adolescents who listen to a great deal of music with degrading sexual lyrics have sex sooner.† 11/07/06. . Wingood, G.M., et al. â€Å"A prospective study of exposure to rap music videos and African American female adolescents’ health.† American Journal of Public Health 93.3 (2006): 437-439 Research Papers on Reached Back Like A PimpHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to Africa

The Chernobyl Nuclear Accident

The Chernobyl Nuclear Accident The Chernobyl disaster was a fire at a Ukrainian nuclear reactor, releasing substantial radioactivity within and outside the region. The consequences to human and environmental health are still felt to this day. The V.I. Lenin Memorial Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station was located in Ukraine, near the town of Pripyat, which had been built to house power station employees and their families. The power station was in a wooded, marshy area near the Ukraine-Belarus border, approximately 18 kilometers northwest of the city of Chernobyl and 100 km north of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station included four nuclear reactors, each capable of producing one gigawatt of electric power. At the time of the accident, the four reactors produced about 10 percent of the electricity used in Ukraine. Construction of the Chernobyl power station began in the 1970s. The first of the four reactors was commissioned in 1977, and Reactor No. 4 began producing power in 1983. When the accident occurred in 1986, two other nuclear reactors were under construction. The Chernobyl Nuclear Accident On Saturday, ​April 26, 1986, the operating crew planned to test whether the Reactor No. 4 turbines could produce enough energy to keep the coolant pumps running until the emergency diesel generator was activated in case of an external power loss. During the test, at 1:23:58 am local time, power surged unexpectedly, causing an explosion and driving temperatures in the reactor to more than 2,000 degrees Celsius- melting the fuel rods, igniting the reactor’s graphite covering, and releasing a cloud of radiation into the atmosphere. The precise causes of the accident are still uncertain, but it is generally believed that the series of incidents that led to the explosion, fire, and nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl was caused by a combination of reactor design flaws and operator error. Loss of Life and Illness By mid-2005, fewer than 60 deaths could be linked directly to Chernobyl- mostly workers who were exposed to massive radiation during the accident or children who developed thyroid cancer. Estimates of the eventual death toll from Chernobyl vary widely. A 2005 report by the Chernobyl Forum- eight U.N. organizations- estimated the accident eventually would cause about 4,000 deaths. Greenpeace places the figure at 93,000 deaths, based on information from the Belarus National Academy of Sciences. The Belarus National Academy of Sciences estimates 270,000 people in the region around the accident site will develop cancer as a result of Chernobyl radiation and that 93,000 of those cases are likely to be fatal. Another report by the Center for Independent Environmental Assessment of the Russian Academy of Sciences found a dramatic increase in mortality since 1990- 60,000 deaths in Russia and an estimated 140,000 deaths in Ukraine and Belarus- probably due to Chernobyl radiation. Psychological Effects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident The biggest challenge facing communities still coping with the fallout of Chernobyl is the psychological damage to 5 million people in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. The psychological impact is now considered to be Chernobyls biggest health consequence, said Louisa Vinton, of the UNDP. People have been led to think of themselves as victims over the years, and are therefore more apt to take a passive approach toward their future rather than developing a system of self-sufficiency.† Exceptionally high levels of psychological stress have been reported from the regions around the abandoned nuclear power station.   Countries and Communities Affected Seventy percent of the radioactive fallout from Chernobyl landed in Belarus, affecting more than 3,600 towns and villages, and 2.5 million people. The radiation-contaminated soil, which in turn contaminates crops that people rely on for food. Surface and ground waters were contaminated, and in turn plants and wildlife were (and still are) affected. Many regions in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine are likely to be contaminated for decades. Radioactive fallout carried by the wind was later found in sheep in the UK, on clothing worn by people throughout Europe, and in rain in the United States. Chernobyl Status and Outlook The Chernobyl accident cost the former Soviet Union hundreds of billions of dollars, and some observers believe it may have hastened the collapse of the Soviet government. After the accident, Soviet authorities resettled more than 350,000 people outside the worst areas, including all 50,000 people from nearby Pripyat, but millions of people continue to live in contaminated areas. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, many projects intended to improve life in the region were abandoned, and young people began to move away to pursue careers and build new lives in other places. In many villages, up to 60 percent of the population is made up of pensioners, said Vasily Nesterenko, director of the Belrad Radiation Safety and Protection Institute in Minsk. In most of these villages, the number of people able to work is two or three times lower than normal. After the accident, Reactor No. 4 was sealed, but the Ukranian government allowed the other three reactors to keep operating because the country needed the power they provided. Reactor No. 2 was shut down after a fire damaged it in 1991, and Reactor No. 1 was decommissioned in 1996. In November 2000, the Ukranian president shut down Reactor No. 3 in an official ceremony that finally closed the Chernobyl facility. But Reactor No. 4, which was damaged in the 1986 explosion and fire, is still full of radioactive material encased inside a concrete barrier, called a sarcophagus, that is aging badly and needs to be replaced. Water leaking into the reactor carries radioactive material throughout the facility and threatens to seep into the groundwater. The sarcophagus was designed to last about 30 years, and current designs would create a new shelter with a lifetime of 100 years. But radioactivity in the damaged reactor would need to be contained for 100,000 years to ensure safety. That is a challenge not only for today  but for many generations to come.

Part 1. 1500 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Part 1. 1500 words - Essay Example In addition, I make mistakes while choosing the right methods for the projects. I am sure that I can overcome from these problems and turn these weak points into my strengths by conducting a research on the basis of certain criteria. The topic of the project is â€Å"Human Resource (HR) Issues Related to Cultural Diversity Faced by Marks and Spencer in China†. I have chosen this topic for this particular study to evaluate cultural diversity of Wu Han, where the company Marks & Spencer (M&S) wants to expand business operations (Alon, 2000). This particular study has facilitated in elaborating the issues of cultural diversity and the implications that these issues would have on the work environment and culture of M&S. Accordingly, I have ascertained the importance of Human Resource Management can be identified for resolving these issues on the basis of strategies (Lauby, 2005). This particular research aims to study about the issues of the employees regarding cultural diversity in Wu Han, China. It is the core duty of the company i.e. M&S to ascertain that issues that may be faced by the employees, so that effective measures can be implemented with the intention of mitigating these issues for better sustainability of the company in the long run. Employees’ individual growth is related to M&S overall growth. In this respect, it is important to recognize critical issues related to work environment of M&S to meet the objectives of the company (Albrecht, 2010). Accordingly, I have related the subject of the study on the consumers as well as the employees of the company to determine the issues associated with cultural diversity in Wu Han, China. In addition, I have conducted a survey about the services, which are provided by the company to have a better understanding about the perceptions of the customers about their preferences, so that quality products can be offered on the basis

Pleas the writer choose a good title for the paper Essay

Pleas the writer choose a good title for the paper - Essay Example From the European point of view, however, this is the story of an epic struggle to regain the Holy Land from its occupying forces. These two sides have very little in common, as they are both attempting to accomplish something with their accounts. In the book The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, by Amin Maalouf, the author is able to effectively portray the Muslim point of view in this series of vicious battles. From the Islamic point of view, the Europeans invaded this region in a barbaric manner, killing everyone who happened to get in the way. It was not until Saladin united the Muslim world that things began to change. This is because the region was very difficult to unite, since the different Muslim factions had trouble co-existing with one another. Saladin, however, was able to unite a very powerful Muslim army and eventually defeat the Crusaders. This Arab version of the story focuses on the fact that many Muslims did not get along with one another and they were not the united force of their European counterparts until Saladin took over. In this text, the author also focuses on the fact that Muslim culture was deeply troubled by this new European culture invading it. This Muslim account also tends to focus on the less viole nt aspects of the re-conquest, as when speaking of the latter parts of the battle, Maalouf writes that â€Å"Saladin, of course, allowed the defenders to leave unmolested, with all of their property† (Maalouf 194). Also, it is noted that after the leaders of the Crusaders’ army were captured, indeed, everywhere else the reconquest was nearly bloodless (Maalouf 195). The European account of the events, however, focuses on different aspects of the battles. It speaks endlessly of the hardships that were faced by the European forces that they attempted to cross the desert without enough water. Also, the European version speaks of the heroic battle that its

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example sion plan the company also took a strategic decision to reassess its standard shop formats and sizes from 7000 sq ft to more economical 2400-4200 sqft range outlets. Evidence indicating that these strategies are effective can be identified in the sales increase of over $ 185 million during the period of 1995 – 2001 since the implementation of new strategy. The profits too had reached a record of $ 14.75 million in 2001 from $4 million in 1995.The number of outlets have increased from a total of 88 in 1995 to 174 by 2001. Franchisee outlets have grown from 40 to 111 during this period. The financial performance of the company has been rather unstable over the past 5 years with losses and profits resulting in alternative years. However the year 2000 and 2001 has indicated steady growth with losses being converted to profits. Own outlet sales account for over 70% while franchisee income represent 3%. 26% of the income is from mixes and equipment sales. The most profitable part of the business is the Franchising operation where the GP margin is 62%. The other two business units generate 15% GP. The company’s financial performance during past two years has been outstanding with earnings per share jumping to $ 0.60 in 2001. The sales revenue has grown by 37% in 2001 while net income has grown by 147% over year 2000. This $ 8.76 million net income growth is also facilitated by the reduced interest costs of about $ 1 million for the year 2001 as a result of IPO funding relieving the company of its costly capital borrowings. The statement â€Å" The numbers just d on’t work† has been made pertaining to the company’s targeted 20% sales growth vs. 25% growth in earnings for the year 2002. The statement cannot be supported with the current evidence, as it is most likely that the company will be in a position to achieve such forecasts. The additional 5% growth in earnings are likely to come from reduced costs through increased sales per existing outlets as well as cost

World Luxury Goods Industry Essay Example for Free

World Luxury Goods Industry Essay Luxury goods have more than the ordinary and necessary characteristics compared to other products of their category. Their characteristics can be divided into 6 parts Symbolism, Price, Extraordinariness, Rarity, Aesthetics and Quality. The global market size for the industry has been at a growth rate of 9% per annum. This trend has been seen in the market since 1995 till 2000. The luxury market took a hit from 2000 to 2004 when incidents like the September 11 and SARS epidemic took place during those years. The market was at a standstill till 2005 when it caught pace again until the subprime financial crisis. Recent years the growth rate has been at 11% average and this has been happening since 2009. At 2013 the market is sized at Euro 212 billion and has great potential going forward. The 10 % growth estimated for the market in 2013 represents the fourth straight year following the great recession that luxury goods revenues will grow annually by double-digits. Americas region is also projected to benefit from the market, with revenues growing by 13 percent by year’s end and Asia-Pacific sales particularly driven by China India are projected to grow by 18 percent. Growth in Europe is expected to be at 5 percent this year showing that the economic trends in these areas have affected the market for luxury goods. It is estimated that the luxury goods market will grow, in real terms by 4-6% per year between 2013-2015 increasing the market to between â‚ ¬240 and â‚ ¬250 billion by 2015. There has been a shift towards online sales in this segment with this medium continuing to grow faster than the rest of the market, at 28% annual growth for the year and reaching close to 10b Euros, nearly 5% of total luxury sales which larger than the luxury revenues of Germany. In online sales, shoes are the top-performing category. This level of online penetration is when brands have to treat their online channel as a integral part of their competitive strategy, rather than an an extra source of revenue. When we see the different products types in the industry it is seen that the Accessories highlights the best performance over the period 2007-2011 led by the emerging markets customers preferences with respect to luxury accessories. We see a shift in the market trend in apparels where the mens luxury sales increased by 16% in 2011 surpassing sales to woman. Mens luxury goods in 2011 accounted for 40% of the global luxury market up from 35 % in 1995. As you can see in figure above that the accessories and hard luxury goods have seen an increase in segment. In the luxury goods market the Italian brands have increased to gain the largest market share of luxury sales, moving from 21% in 1995 to 24% in 2013 almost equalling French brands market share of 25%. But in a consolidating market, French conglomerates are a driving force, owning 29% of the market compared to 25% in 1995. Key Figures Category Revenues Growth Forecast. 2012 (est) 2012 Leather Goods â‚ ¬33bn 16% Shoes â‚ ¬12 bn 13% Men’s Apparel â‚ ¬26 bn 10% Women’s Apparel â‚ ¬27 bn 9% Fragrances â‚ ¬20 bn 4% Cosmetics â‚ ¬23 bn 5% Jewelry â‚ ¬11 bn 13% Watches â‚ ¬35 bn 14% Total â‚ ¬212bn 10% The different players in this market are different for different product types like in the luxury watches segment it is Rolex, Omega etc, mens and womens apparels segment it is Armani, Burberry etc and leather goods segment it is LVMH, Ralph Lauren etc. Similarly many more in other segments and below are the different luxury goods brand with LVMH leading in revenue terms. Porter’s 5 forces model. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANT: Capital Requirement: The capital requirements for manufacturing, setting up stores and maintaining them are all very high. The break-even for these brands is very high. Their marketing and management costs such as rent, high salaries for craftsmen, heavy promotional activities etc. are very high too. A study indicated that they need to have 400 stores to develop a truly global presence. Brand Loyalty: The brand image associated with luxury brands and the loyalty created through CRM programs and exceptional service levels is very high for existing brands in the market space. However, the industry has been experiencing declining brand loyalty in emerging markets since their purchases are driven by status and show off motives and hence brand switching between brands perceived to have similar status is increasing. Nevertheless it takes considerable amount of time and expenditure to build its brand loyalty. Scale economies: It has been observed that consolidation of brands in the luxury market help in achieving higher economies of scale. Consolidation helps in increasing bargaining power with suppliers, obtaining operating synergies say in advertising etc., better financing options and risk management through diversification in the brand portfolio of the companies. LVMH, PPR (Gucci), Prada Group, Richemont have all undergone consolidation. Exclusive access to suppliers and distributors: Many brands in this segment have acquired their suppliers or have exclusive arrangements to protect their competitive advantage and insulate against rising costs in future. Also the numbers of distribution points are increasing as emerging markets are growing and luxury malls are coming up. For instance, LVMH acquired Leman Cadran and ArteCad SA- watch dial manufacturers and Delos Bottier, French artisan shoemaker. Retaliation from existing Cos- The powerful established brands tend to retaliate against the smaller and newer brands by say preventing them from having access to multi-brand retailers. Therefore we see that the threat of new entrant is high. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES: Middle price brands: The growing mid ranged, high street brands pose as a possible substitute to the luxury brands. During economic crisis consumers tend to â€Å"trade down. † Counterfeit goods: The manufacturing and sales of counterfeit goods from Countries like China is growing. Quality design: increased internet accessibility and online shopping has made is easy for fast fashion brands to replicate designs and fashion trends of luxury brands within days/weeks of the fashion shows. There are no monetary switching costs to customers. However, there is a loss of prestige which is important to luxury brand buyers. Therefore the threat of substitutes is moderate. BUYER’S BARGAINING POWER: Decreasing buyer concentration: The number of buyers relative to suppliers is increasing. Only 50% of the 1. 6 MN wealthy were as rich 4 years ago. Level of dependency on buyer: The industry is heavily dependent on top-tier customers, mostly on a small super affluent population. Celebrities etc. being early adopters can drive consumption but single buyers cannot determine prices. Switching costs: There are emotional switching costs involved. With introduction of loyalty programs and associated privileges, the switching costs have increased. Possibility of backward integration by customers is very low. So on the whole, the bargaining power of buyers is low. SUPPLIER’S BARGAINING POWER: Number of suppliers: The raw materials are limited and exclusive. There are limited high skilled workers and there is also growing shortage since not many youngsters are willing to learn. For instance, Couture-level embroiderers in France have dropped from 10000 in 1920 to 200 in 2013. Level of Dependency: Some key components and materials are outsourced. For eg: LV outsources its monogram leather, in 2012, Chanel ordered large chuck of leather from a supplier in case they wouldn’t find more. Supply substitutes: Most materials are highly specialized and difficult to substitute. Switching costs to new suppliers are high since the quality is at risk and there is a past coordinating experience which is important. Forward integration possibility is very low since the luxury groups are much more experienced and wealthier than their suppliers. Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate to high. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY: Competitive structure: The industry has an oligopoly structure since it is dominated by few large independent players. LVMH, Richemont and PPR Gucci are the big three. Demand conditions: The demand is growing and will grow at a relatively high pace as China and Hong Kong markets grow further. Exit Barriers: Some brand exist despite the fact that they do not make any/much profits due to emotional reasons. For instance, Christian Lacroix hasn’t made any profit in 22 years. There are some highly specialised supply chain components that may be very difficult to sell. Chanel has 6 atelier d’arts under it which has no alternative usage. The rivalry among existing competition is high. Luxury Goods-Developed Countries Overview. There is so much talk about China, Brazil and other emerging markets as the future of luxury market while there is some truth to it we cannot ignore the developed markets. The current growth and hot spot for luxury goods is still in the developed countries. American region is the king of luxury spending; it grew at 4% in 2013 compared to 2012. There has been growth in the number of new store opening in tire two cities in these developed countries going to show that companies see potential in the smaller region and there is increase of disposable income in the smaller cities. Visitors from developing countries still prefer to buy luxury goods from the developed countries; this has also led to an increase in the demand of luxury goods in the developed countries. According to Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study Spring 2013 there are significant regional differences in the luxury market developed countries and all of them have their unique differences. Some of them are: Europe will see 2% growth in the luxury spending in the next few years, with increasing spending by tourists even though there is lower spending by European nationals. Tourist spending is driving half of revenues in Italy, 55% of revenues in the U. K. , and 60% of revenues in France. Japan has experience a decline in luxury spending by 12%. Although in real terms, the consumption has increased as the country has emerged out of stagflation. The Middle East continues to be relatively strong, with a 5% growth. The demand for Luxury goods remain strong in Dubai, while Saudi Arabia is also gaining share to become the region’s second largest luxury market. As these countries are oil rich they like the flamboyance and luxury. Online sales, of Luxury goods have gained popularity in the last few years in the developed countries. They are growing faster than the brick and mortar stores, turning in 28% annual growth for last year and reaching close to 10 billion Euros. In online sales, shoes are the top-performing category. With online penetration high, brands should treat their online channel as an integral part of their overall channel strategy, rather than an just an another source of additional revenue. According to the â€Å"Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study† finds accessories, including leather goods and shoes, have definitively become the largest segment, growing 4% for 2013 to reach 28% of the total revenues. Apparel is now a quarter of the market, growing at 1%, Apparel was very popular couple of years ago. Perfumes and cosmetics had a 2% growth in 2013. Luxury cars, wine and spirits, hotels, in-home and out-of-home food, home furnishings, and yachts all show growth, with luxury cars, wine and spirits, and hotels outpacing personal luxury goods and leading to an overall 2013 market of â‚ ¬800 billion of affluent spending, up 6% over 2012.compared to 25% in 1995. The luxury goods market in the developed countries is becoming very complex and in some areas is starting to look like the fast-moving consumer goods Industry. Brands have to adapt themselves by bringing in the level of detailed customer insight to standout of the clutter. While this Industry is still showing steady but not extravagant growth, brands need to adjust to a new set of scientific tools in order to keep up with other markets. CAGE Framework for Developed Countries Cultural Luxury Goods Industry in Developed countries over the years have matured and have formed definite distribution channels where most of the time they try cross selling to their existing buyers. However new customers enter the market, they account to an addition of 1%-3% of the total population involved in the luxury goods instry In Developed countries Culture is often considered with income level to follow a trend related to luxury goods. Considering a people with zero income level when shifts to a income level and wants to buy a luxury good his decision is dependent upon the income he is currently earning and the culture he is following in the ratio of 3:2. Administrative Initially as taxes were collected in the form of luxury tax from the customers in developed countries, they were indifferent to it as they had a considerable large amount of disposable income. Over the years as people entered the luxury market they got affected by such high rates. The government how of such countries depend on these taxes as they generate a large amount of revenue. Geographical Most of the developed countries are the manufactures of these luxury goods they tend to be cheaper in these countries. As the demand of the countries is very high they tend to acquire the fixed costs at an early stage, later just trying to recover the variable cost making it cheaper. Most of these developed countries have access to superior products used in manufacturing these products thus making the end products to be easily manufactured and thus slashing the rates, thus inducing more customers to buy the product Economic Differences GDP and per capita income of the developed countries is high compared to other emerging countries. Thus showing they have a higher disposable income and standard of living is high proving that they can afford luxury goods as their basic necessities of life is fulfilled. Luxury Goods-Developing Countries Overview. When we talk about developing economies we will be taking into account Brazil China and look at the luxury goods market in these two economies. Almost half of the luxury goods produced worldwide are sold in the emerging markets with China leading the way. The luxury goods market has seen tremendous growth in China whereas the same growth hasn’t been replicated in India Brazil because of some regulatory issues (high import duties). Looking at China, the GDP has been growing at almost 10% y-o-y which has been increasing the denomination of wealthy Chinese in the country. When you look at the Luxury market, the Asia-pacific region has been the best performer with a growth rate of 25% in 2011 and accounting for about 29% of the worldwide revenues. The growth of this market in China has been tremendous which can also be put down to the fact that many e-commerce players have come in to fray which give the digital consumers a chance to make use of the price advantage. The market has been helped by the fact that there has been a shift in the mentality of the Chinese people wherein they want the real stuff now rather than settling for the counterfeited goods. In addition to this due to the weakening Euro and the increase in the number of upper class citizens the Chinese people have been undertaking more and more overseas trips which in turn has increased the revenues for the Luxury market. Now coming to Brazil, the luxury goods market was about 2. 7 billion dollars in 2012, and the expected growth rate was estimated to be about 15-25% for the next five years which was put down to the fact that it has become the 7th largest economy in the world the purchasing power and the income rate for an average Brazilian is growing. Brazil now has 36 billionaires 165,000 millionaires out of which about 50% are below the age of 35, which will help boost the luxury goods market in the country. Now because of the unique services that are being provided to the consumers in Brazil, also the payment plan by installments and also the fact that a huge number of showrooms are being opened in the country the consumers are willing to buy the luxury goods for which they had to go abroad in the earlier days. STRATEGY – STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE STRATEGY: Strategic approach to product offer and price positioning. Focusing on the E-commerce platform as well in order to cater to the increasing number of digital consumers Opening up of new stores and availability of quality products easily. Focus on the retail chains in order to aid the distribution as this is the highest grossing medium (Omni-channel Retailing). Increase of scale in order to improve margins. Shift towards the accessories sector as this has the highest growth rate amongst the Luxury goods market. Store experience. Real time communication between the brand and the consumer via blogs communities. Off-price outlets. Consolidation. Diversification. STRUCTURE: Oligopoly: Very few luxury groups dominate the market. Large number of small individual brands. Individual brands being introduced by the large market players. Big Three LVMH Richemont PPR Gucci PERFORMANCE: A CAGR of +25% in China for the luxury goods revenues over the period 2008-11. A CAGR of +18. 3% in China for E-commerce buys during the period 2007-10. 31% increase in constant value terms for Brazil, 72% for China 86% for India over the period 2008-13.

Conservative Personalities :: essays research papers

Conservative Personalities 1. Conservative From the introduction, we know that the performance has begun to suffer under Jack's style of leadership. It is mainly due to the personality of Jack. He is a quite conservative person who has a tendency to maintain a state of affairs without great or sudden change. Also, his style of leadership is task and production-oriented. Task-oriented leadership tends to emphasize task effectiveness. So, from the case, we can see that he would turn down the subordinates* suggestion whenever new ideas come. Jack seems to define role and tell people what, how, when and where to do various tasks only. On the other hand, Jack isn't a relationship-oriented leader as he doesn't emphasize the building of relationships with employees. Accordingly, Jack can't maintain a good relationship with his subordinates. In his mind, he thinks that there is no equality status between the superior and the subordinates. He would highly respect the superior order without questioning. Thus, we can see that Jack is very loyal to Carfax Corporation and works hard to follow the company policies and procedures and the orders of the managers above him. Under such leader, the performance of the financial section has begun to suffer. Due to his conservative personality, the tendency to face changes is very low. When sudden changes occur and as the same time the upper doesn't give guidelines immediately, Jack can't handle well under this situation. Then the flexibility and imagination in facing different situations tend to absolutely low. Because his task-oriented leadership, he always neglects the new ideas and unresponsive to change. Mostly important, Jack doesn't realize the importance of staff motivation. Subordinates think that the budget in their section is comparatively lower than other department. As a result, they feel they are underpaid and overworked. Overwork implies that the shortage of workforce. And underpaid mean that the workload is greater than the payment for it. As Jack has such â€Å"easygoing" manner, considerable dissatisfaction in the department is resulted and everyone thinks that Jack is just a puppet for management. 2. Team Work Not only the conservative personalities cause the financial section to suffer, but also he has neglected the importance of team work. Team work means that two or more people who interact with an influence each other towards a common interest. Financial section is actually a team work. However, from the case, we can see that Jack doesn't manage his subordinates to be a team work. Instead, he looks them as labors. He only orders his subordinates what to do and how to do without any subordinates* ideas. Then it just like a factory

The interesting topic

The purpose of this unit is to carry out a practical investigation of a topic chosen from a set of options supplied by OCR. In the course of the investigation, there will be an opportunity to look in depth at an aspect of computing that goes beyond the subject matter outlined in A451. The tasks will require a significant element of practical activity, which must be evidenced in the report and which will form a major element of the assessment. The topics will enable practical investigation and some supplementary research to be carried out in a variety of ways.These will include, but are not restricted to: practical investigations with hardware or software practical investigations with online resources Supplementary research may be required and resources may include: web-based enquiry contact with IT professionals research using computer industry pu blications OCR 2010 A452 jani3/jun15 3 Candidates should complete all tasks. Validating web forms Many web sites collect information from people using forms. These forms can be put together using HTML form objects. The data entered is normally sent back to the web server where it is processed by database software.It is always a good idea if the data entered into a computer system is validated in order to reduce the number of errors that occur. A lot of this validation can be carried out at the client end of the process. In other words, processing can be carried out by the browser. There are various ways in which this can be done. A common way is to write scripts that intercept the input data and check it before it is submitted to the server. There are various scripting languages that can be used to write the necessary validation routines. A popular example is JavaScript. Most browsers are able to interpret JavaScript.JavaScript, Just like other elements of a web page, is best written using a plain text editor such as Notepad. Scripts can be embedded in a web page or saved separately as JavaScript files, using the exte nsion Is. The web page can access these scripts when needed. Here is the starting point for a form that collects information about exam entries. File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help http://examentry. net Exam entry Exam Entry Form Name Subject Submit Fig. 1 It contains two text boxes. When the Submit button is clicked, a script checks that both boxes have been filled in.Here is the HTML code that lies behind the form and the JavaScript code that does the validation. function validateForm() { var result = true; if (document. ExamEntry. name. value=†) { msg+n'ou must enter your name â€Å"; document. ExamEntry. name. focus(); document. getElementByld(‘name'). style. color=†red†; result = false; if (document. ExamEntry. subJect. value=†) { msg+n'ou must enter the subject â€Å"; document. ExamEntry. subJect. focus(); document. getElementByld(‘subJect'). style. color=†red†; result = false; return result; alert(msg) In order to wor k, the page needs to have access to a second HTML file called uccess. tml. Its purpose is to test the code. It Just needs four lines: Success message You entered all the data required Your assignment Describe how this HTML code produces the form displayed in the browser (Fig. 1). 2. Describe how the JavaScript function performs the validation check. 3. Describe how the HTML calls the validation routine. 4. Add another text field to the form to take the user's examination number. Extend the Javascript code to validate this field to make sure that it is not left blank. Extend the Javascript code to make sure that the user's examination number is xactly 4 digits.Produce evidence to show that you have planned, written and tested your code. 5. Add a set of radio buttons to the form to accept a level of entry such as GCSE, AS or A2. Write a function that displays the level of entry to the user in an alert box so that the level can be confirmed or rejected. Produce evidence to show that yo u have planned, written and tested your code. 6. Produce an evaluation of your solutions. 7. Write a conclusion about the effectiveness of JavaScript validation routines to reduce the number of errors that are made in data input. BLANK PAGE Copyright Information OCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials.